Going Nuclear How Nuclear Energy Could Save The Planet

Going Nuclear: How Nuclear Energy Could Save the Planet Logically it s not hard to see that if there is a limited supply of something, one day it will finally run out. What happens when society relies on a resource that is nonrenewable? This is something that scientists are struggling with more and more each passing day. Though this is true of many substances that humans use (helium, chocolate, gold...), the most important substances that our lives rely on are fossil fuels. While there is a wide range of guesses regarding how long we have left until we deplete the world s supply of fossil fuels, most experts say that we only have a few years before harvesting them becomes much more difficult (and expensive) (Lamb 2010). Given our unfortunate dependence on energy, this would have a massive effect on everything in life. Without energy, society as we know it would not be able to continue functioning. Even ignoring the limited supply, it s hard to deny that the harvesting of resources th roughout time has caused a plethora of problems ( Miners Lung is a disease that s affectionately known to come from mining coal after all, and cave ins are not at all an entirely unheard of problem). As such, this leaves us with really only one viable option: go nuclear before it s too late. One of the primary issues with fossil fuels is their negative impact on the planet and our environment. Greenhouse gasses cause a long string of reactions that lead to our planet slowly heatingShow MoreRelatedEthos, Pathos and Nuclear Energy1265 Words   |  6 PagesEthos, Pathos and Nuclear Energy Something always curious and provoking happens in science writing. Gwyneth Cravens is an author of five novels and many publications, and one who studies a topic in great detail. She creates an enormous work about nuclear energy for the last decade. Cravens’s research in her last published book titled Power to Save the World: The Truth About Nuclear Energy has led her to do an about-face on the issue. In her article â€Å"Better Energy† which was published in May 2008Read MorePreventing Global Warming Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pagesmany negative consequences to humans, animals, and even plants. The effects of global warming will throw human lifestyles into jeopardy. Agriculture would be thrown into turmoil. Public heath could suffer. Rising seas could contaminate water supplies with salt. Stronger sunlight and warmer temperature could cause respiratory illness. Hot spells would be come more frequent, leading to heat related deaths. Warmer temperatures would widen the range of disease carried by rodents and mosquitoes. ThisRead MoreRenewable Energy : Alternative Energy1559 Words   |  7 PagesAlternative energy can be defined as Energy, as solar, wind, or nuclear energy, that can replace or supplement traditional fossil-fuel sources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. When thinking about alternative energy sources we generally focus on the main types: nuclear, solar, wind, and hydroelectric. These are things that mainly do not cause pollution and are very environmentally friendly (Alternative Energy). Alternative energy is thought to be renewable and â€Å"free.† Biomass Energy, Wind Energy, SolarRead MoreNuclear Power: Dangerous Nemesis or Trusted Ally1158 Words   |  5 Pagesnational debate going on within the green energy community and it seems the number one question that keeps coming up is should we now support our one time enemy nuclear power? Many different people green and not, now, think it is the right time to take a sec ond look at this widely used power source. When a former anti-nuclear campaigner and founding member of Greenpeace proclaims in the Washington Post â€Å"the environmental movement needs to update its views†¦because nuclear energy may just be theRead MoreA Report On Energy Industry1614 Words   |  7 PagesEnergy Industry Focus on Renewables Ian Baynes – BUS376A – Sustainable Marketing Green technology is booming, yet a worldwide decrease in green spending has taken place for a second year in a row. According to a report done by Frankfurt School and sponsored by Bloomberg Finance, worldwide green spending for the fiscal year 2013 was $216 billion. U.S. Spending alone peaked to $50.8 billion in 2011 (CNN), before dropping to its current level of $36 billion (Frankfurt). There is a treasure-trove ofRead MoreScience Fiction Paper Rough Draft1219 Words   |  5 PagesScience Fiction Paper Rough Draft Take 2 Wade Doty Section AC 5/8/15 Rick never fit in at grade school; he would spend most of his time daydreaming about going to space. As he doodled artwork of space ships, his imagination would wonder and often featured him as a future explorer leading humans into the next great frontier. English and the study of history bored him, but whenever he went to a science class he felt as if he were truly alive. Learning about the vast distances between Earth and theRead MoreShouls Every Country Have the Right to Possess of Nuclear Weapons?930 Words   |  4 Pagesof all time, in terms of how it could protect a nation, is it really worth having numerous amounts of governments on edge at the thought of a weapon so powerful? Ronald Reagan described nuclear weapons as: â€Å"Totally irrational, totally inhumane, good for nothing but killing, possibly leading to the destruction of life on Earth and civilisation.† He spoke nothing but the truth. President Reagan was a nuclear abolitionist. He believed that the only reason to have nuclear weaponry was to prevent theRead MoreTypes Of Energy Resources Used All Over The World872 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many types of energy resources used all over the world. These can be classified as either renewable or non-renewable energy sources. Renewable sources are those that are found readily but do not face the possibility of depletion. These include solar, wind and hydroelectric energy sources. Non-renewable energy sources are found in the environment but can be depleted by overuse and these include natural gas, coal, and oil. Among the renewable energy sources, solar energy is the most commonlyRead MoreEssay about How Can We Avoid Asteroids?1363 Words   |  6 PagesHow can we avoid asteroids? In our everyday lives, there are a multitude of forces acting on and upon us all the time. One fundamental force is gravity. Gravity (also known as gravitational force) is the force of attraction. Every object in the world that has mass exerts a pull-otherwise known as force, on other mass [Forces of Attraction.]. Gravitational pull increases and decreases depending on the amount of mass, and how close objects are. [Weight, Mass and Gravity.] [See Fig 1.]. In thisRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Atomic Bomb2431 Words   |  10 Pageswhatever relief the American people felt from winning WWII was tempered by the realization that science had just created a weapon that could wipe nations off the face of the earth. The atomic bomb, if other countries obtained the technology, could bring about a nuclear holocaust. This fear of technology could have stymied scientific progress post WWII. However, going into the Cold War, people once again put their hope in science and looked at scientific pro gress as a measure of whether they were beating

Business Case Vs. Business Plan - 1132 Words

Business Case vs. Business Plan Sunilkumar Patel Wilmington University Benjamin Franking has once said â€Å"By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.† This quote is still stands to true no matter which side of the global you visit. Especially in businesses, not discounting what size is it, it is very important to plan ahead; set goals whether they are short term or long term, share the vision with its employees. All these are mentioned in business plan which states how business will operate, earn revenue, make profit along with where it will be moving towards in future, which should all support its mission statement and share same vision. On the other hand a business case is an opportunity or problem or a statement which starts out as a thought and turned into a document that sets the guidelines of how to make it into a reality. This paper defines what are differences between business case and business plan and how they are used in businesses. There are also few different examples of business cases are provided and described which the b est one is and what makes it the best one compare to the others. Having a business plan for any organization serves as a bible for any organizations which their internal standards, organizational goals, vision and mission statement is set forth. A business plan could used be used to raise money from investors for business venture or it can be used for employees to see which direction company is heading. A businessShow MoreRelatedProject Description Of A Business Case816 Words   |  4 Pageswho prepared business case, make a recommendation for the best option of the solutions. If there is any modifications in the proposed methodology for development of the enterprise, that modification is inserted here; otherwise, this section is not obligatory (Rouse). †¢ Authorization: Being a business case for the proposed project, it needs to be authorized by top managers. Either project will be accepted or rejected, it depends on the Executive board (Rouse). Since a business case is prepared byRead MoreBusiness Continuity Plans And The Disaster Recovery Plan1580 Words   |  7 Pages Business Continuity Plans (BCP) Paul D. Singleton Jr. March 11, 2015 ISSC481: IT Security: Planning and Policy Karen Paullet American Public University Business Continuity Plans (BCP) The Business Continuity Plan (BCP) and the Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) are twin resources derived to preserve vital organization operations when facing an unsuspecting disaster. A disaster can be either natural or man-made. Natural disasters include floods, fires, earthquakes, and lightning strikesRead More†¢Identify And Evaluate Key Result Areas (Kras) And Key1660 Words   |  7 Pages Product Management †¢ Hours spent on production †¢ Actual cost vs projected †¢ Outcomes achieved vs plan †¢ Issues encountered †¢ Optimisation of resource management, ie stock rotation etc. Six Sigma. A tool that measures the stability and predictability of process results with an aim to limit process errors. Operational Cost Control †¢ Hours spent to achieve outcomes †¢ Amount of training/ re-training required †¢ Cost of implementation vs profits earned †¢ Strong Cashflow results – year on year growthRead MoreObtaining The Position As Senior Business Analyst1405 Words   |  6 Pagesposition as Senior Business Analyst Professional Summary: Dynamic, self-motivated, proactive, result and process oriented professional with 7+ years of experience in Credit Analysis and operation in banking industry.3+ years of experience in Business Analysis with outstanding record of analyzing software applications, improving business processes, conducting strategic planning and performing market research to enhance the overall organizational performance. †¢ Master s in Business AdministrationRead MorePhillips-van Heusen’s Acquisition of Tommy Hilfiger: Case Study I in Operational Planning1360 Words   |  6 PagesPhillips-van Heusen’s Acquisition of Tommy Hilfiger: Case Study I in Operational Planning In a Toronto Star article entitled, â€Å"Phillips-van Heusen to buy Tommy Hilfiger in $3B Deal†, Anne D’Innocenzio and Mae Anderson report on the purchase of the ‘Tommy Hilfiger’ (TH) retail company by Phillips-van Heusen (retail giant which owns such brands as ‘Calvin Klein’ (CK), ‘Izod’, and ‘Arrow’) for $3 billion in cash and stock. The acquisition of TH, did not lead to a change in its existing sales, Read MoreWhy Talent Management Is The Key Items For Win The War For Talent1626 Words   |  7 Pagesclearly determining the strategic objectives, business plan and their impact on people. It is important to determine and establish human capital needs and have a well defined demand / supply forecasting capability. HR leadership needs to be absolutely and positively be involved in developing these strategy and plans. A best-in-class talent management strategy should address the following 7 key items ï‚ § Keeping the end game in mind ï‚ § Type of talent that the business needs ï‚ § Identify the talent gaps ï‚ § IdentifyingRead MoreCase Study (Wipro Technologies Europe a) Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesCase study 1. The Background of the Case Wipro technologies are a company focused on the software and information technology service division as a part of the Wipro group whose header quarter located in Bangalore, India (Wipro Technologies Europe A, 2015). Nandy as the director of Sales and Marketing in Europe started the European operation in London as the headerquarter for Western Eurpoe and he was an Indian with the Indian and American working experiences (Wipro Technologies Europe A, 2015)Read MoreThe Case Of Bank Of America Vs. The Deaf1234 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Laws against discrimination of any kind are implemented so that each individual is able to have an equal opportunity at employment. In the case of Bank of America vs. the deaf employee who wanted an interpreter to work with them, there was an indication of discrimination towards the individual. The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, was applied to prevent these types of acts to happen, and due to the issues Bank of America had in rebellion of this act, caused the lawsuit by theRead MoreWhat Is The Top Tool Every Advisor Needs882 Words   |  4 Pagesadvice to plan for what happens to the business and its clients after he or she retires or otherwise leaves the business—the sooner the better. Having a plan in place is a critical step in securing a successful future for the business, family members, clients, and the advisor. Succession plan vs. business continuity plan When it comes to planning for the future of the business, there are two options for the advisor, a succession plan and a business continuity plan. A succession plan involvesRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project On Project Management847 Words   |  4 PagesMethodology: Methodology is a collection of strategic methods that focus on how to plan, perform and complete certain projects. It has a conductive approach which depends on the conditions of different projects(Marchewka, 2003). Role of the Methodologies in Project Management: It suggests variations, tools and techniques, analyzation to accomplish the projects(Marchewka, 2003). It designs a plan to fulfill the project and product life cycles(Marchewka, 2003). Methodologies

Leadership Strategies

Question: Write an essay on Leadership? Answer: Introduction We will discuss about the companys strategies and the role it plays in the success and failure of the business through the case study. Google is one of the leading companies and has supremacy of the internet. We will research the reason for the success of the Google Company. Googles main aim was to improve the lives of the people and bring the world together through launce of Google search engine and Google Gmail. It made the website a top internet brand and the most recognized search engine in the world through its innovation in web search and advertisement. The main focuses of the company was search, advertisement, operating system and enterprises. The reason why Google is the best and famous is because of its powerful search engine algorithm, which can search a text in few seconds from thousands of sites. Google is the fastest growing company among the people and has been praised for its service it provides. After Google was launched it acquired many other companies, and YouTube w as one of it. Google acquired YouTube in 2006 and introduced operating system for android phones and launched Chrome web browser in 2008 which gave it a huge profit and a huge expansion to the company. Marketing and leadership plays a very vital role in the success of a company and with the help of good leadership and marketing a company can ensure future revenue. There are many types of marketing strategies and Google uses many marketing strategies to run its business in profit. Leadership and strategic development processes which operate within the innovative context at Google. The company has become one of the best and profiting companies with the help of effective and efficient leadership and strategy plan. For the success of any company an effective strategy and leadership is required and today we will discuss how these strategies have helped the company Google to grow and become one of the best company (Yeung, Campbell, 1991). Effective strategic leadership comprises five acti ons which help the organization to run smoothly and overcome all the difficulties it includes determining strategic direction, effectively allocating and managing the firms resources and capabilities, establishing appropriate balanced control, sustaining an effective organizations culture, and integrating strategy with corporate social responsibility. With the help of the case study we can conclude that effective leadership and strategy is required in all the fields and plays a vital role in the success (Campbell, 1992). Strategy development can be of two types Intended Strategy The top management is involved in designing of this strategy and is even known as design view of strategy development. This strategy is the outcome of strategic leadership and planning. Strategic leadership has a direct effect on the success and failure of the organization or the organization is influenced by the strategic leaders leadership hence it plays a very important role in an organization (Acur, Bititci, 2003). The leaders hold the highest position in the company and have all the authority to decide and take decisions. Most of the time the leaders are the founders or co-founders of the company and they are involved in making or designing strategies of the company. As per the case study Schmidt dealt with administration and the investors and had the most traditional CEO role. Page was concerned with the social structure of Google and Brin took a lead in the area of ethics. There are many benefits of strategic planning and it helps in determining the direct strategy, it helps t o understand the strategic issue, coordinate all the business levels strategy, helps in implementing agreed strategy and involve people and creating ownership of strategy (Khalifa, 2011). Emergent Strategy This strategy is an unplanned strategy which emerges in the organization as time passes by. Emergent strategy is mostly found in services like accountancy and health services. The operating unit is involved in making this strategy as they are well equipped with the skills and knowledge required for this strategy and the top management cannot make these strategies as they may not understand the techniques. The top managements role is to make strategic direction and co-coordinating and shaping emerging strategy from below (Mintzberg, 1987). Google: who drives the strategy? Strategy is a direction for the business and a scope for the business which helps the business to perform in a changing environment. And this can be done by arrangements of resources and by meeting the objectives of the company and the stakeholders. Today Google is one of the best companies in the world with high earning profit. Larry Page and Sergey Brin is the co-founder of the company Google and with their leadership skills and strategies Google was able to gain followers. Google used very different business strategies from the very beginning of their carrier. They decided not to use investment banks as dictators of their initial share price instead they launched an open IPO where the buyers decided the price for a share in the auction and not the investment banks. This broke the old method followed by many different companies and the company had to face many criticisms (Miles, Snow, Meyer, Coleman 1978). Larry Page and Sergey Brin set up the governance structure with a two-tier b oard of directors which was very unusual in USA. In this type of strategy it gave a managerial freedom to them to run their company in their own way and take their own decision and they were not answerable to any higher authority. The companys success depends on strategy development which has the following characteristics such as long term direction, scope of activities, fit between the firms. The resources and competencies and the external environment, seek to achieve competitive advantage, meet the expectations of various stake holders (Schilling, Hill, 1998). The leaders should be aware of strategic decisions which are taken in the different level of the organization. Many researchers have shown that managers and employees usually want a sense of identity, they wants something more than good pay and job security and that is a Sense of Mission. There are number of functions that aMissioncan have in any organization. These can be internal and external and even includes the below me ntioned functions (Lumpkin, Dess, 1995). It promotes shared values amongst employees which brings harmony in the company. It guides the resource allocation in a consistent manner and in a useful manner to reduce the wastage of the resources and full utilization of the resources. It inspires and motivates managers and employees of the company to higher levels of performance. (Sense of Mission) It helps in balancing the conflict interests of various organizational stakeholders. It provides a sense of direction to the employees and the managers. It even improves corporate performance. It even helps in focusing on the organization during crises. Four elements of Ashridge Mission Model These four elements set the goal of the organization and help the organization to achieve its target or goal. Purpose Purpose have three elements and these elements needs to be together to create a strong mission. For the benefit of a higher model, going beyond just satisfying the needs of its stakeholders. For the benefit of the shareholders For the benefit of all its stakeholders (Brezina, 2012) Strategy Strategy plays a vital role and helps the business to run smoothly and efficiently. With a good strategy and a good plan a manager of the company can achieve the companys goal and objectives. Values When the organizational value of the employee is aligned with the personal value of the employee it creates a sense of mission. Values are very important for the organization as it motivates the employees to work efficiently and effectively. They can provide a rational for behavior that is as strong as strategy. The organization can expect the full utilization of resources with an effective and efficient strategy (Peng, Heath, 1996). Policies and Behavioral Standards Policies and Behavioral Standards help the employees and the company to know what needs to be done in day to day activity. Googles growth and expansion is the result of unique management strategies and its implications. Hiring Policy The company follows a very unique way in selecting their employees. They believe in hiring the best employee as one exceptional employee is much more valuable than an average employee. By this hiring policy it makes sure that they have the best human resource for the optimum utilization of other resources in the company. And they even believe that if they hire good and exceptional employees then it will attract more good employees in the organization (Foreman, 1998). A dramatically flat radically decentralized organization As per few researches Google is organized as the internet itself. It is highly democratic, well connected and flat. Self-managing team Google is a self-managing team as employees who work in the development team works in small group and each team has as at least three engineers. For example project like Gmail has three to four teams and each team has three to four engineers who work in developing and enhancing the features of the product. They follow a very unique procedure which is not to be found in any other company and that is the team appoints the team leader and the engineers can switch teams as per there interest to work for a particular product without taking permission from the HR (Yukl, 2002). Rapid low cost experimentation Google book search engine started with the experiment aimed to answer a critical question and how long does it take to digitize a book. Page and Mayer started this by photographing each page of the 300 pages of the book using a metronome to keep pace. Google was invented not with a grand plan and it even believes in the philosophy which is Google Just try it (Mintzberg, Waters, 1985). It took 40min to turn the ink into pixels and an optical character reorganization program soon turned the digital photo into digital text. And in no time Page and Mayer found the software that could search the book. This is the kind of innovative ideas and learns as you go approach helped the company to make history and run the business in profit year after year. The company decided that it would devote 70% of its engineering resources in developing of the business and 20% of employees will be devoted to extend the related areas and 10% will be involved in innovative ideas (Vera, Crossan, 2004). Through these steps Google ensures the optimum utilization of resources for the growth of the company. With the above mentioned strategies Google was ranked the second most valuable company brand after Apple. With all its acquisitions it has multiplied its profit and revenue. In 2011 the companys value was $111 Billion. And is expected to increase its profit in the coming years with its innovative ideas and strategies (Hollander, 1995). Challenges faced by Google Google acquired many companies and had to focus on making strategies and plans for the acquired companies which shifted the focus of the company to mobile internet access, hence Google faced a serious issue in earning its revenue from advertisement that went from 97% to 96%. Cost per click went down by 12% year after year. The company did face issues due to the shifting of the focus to mobile internet access but the main issue faced by the company was from government and judicial arenas. The issues were in three main areas (Gardner, 1995). Privacy The government was concerned about the privacy of an individual data. The US federal trade commissions privacy frame work tried to make sure that Google cannot link its tracking data to identify individual. The regulators were concerned about the privacy policy that was introduced by Google on 2012 (Avolio, Bass, Riggio, Orr, Ciulla, Krishnan, Riggio, 2008). Antitrust Google dominated the internet search and meant that it had monopoly in terms of the competition law in many countries. The EU competition commissioner had four concerns and notified the company about the concerns it had from their business and those were restricting its competitors items appearing on their page and the portability of Advertisement campaigns from Googles Adwords system, the promotion of Googles items in the page of their rivals, its copying and displaying of the content from restaurant sites (Avolio, 2007). Patent infringement claims Google even faced the issue of Patent infringement. Oracle claimed that Android infringed its java patents and it was one of the biggest infringement claims. The main aim of the company is to manage the growth of the company by maintaining the equality of the product and services. The company needs to keep improving the operational, financial and management controls and even there reporting systems and compliance procedures in order to maintain growth of the company. These cannot be neglected as it can damage the growth of the company and there profit. It may even affect the goodwill of the company (Lowe, Kroeck, Sivasubramaniam, 1996). As the company is growing there has been a significant increase in the in there headcount and operations, which demands effective management, operational and financial infrastructure. The company faced many issues with the acquisitions of the other companies as the management focus shifted from their own business to the acquired business and had to pu t more effort to decide how to managing or control and how to implement the procedures and policies at the acquired company. Because of the focus shifted towards the acquired company Google had a decrease in the revenue and faced many issues in managing their own company (Bass, 1991). Conclusion From the case study we can conclude that the company can make optimum use of resources and make profit with an effective strategy and leadership. And while managing strategies and development the managers faces many challenges such as managing the processes that may give rise to emergent strategy to which they may not know the techniques and how to act (Yukl, 1999). They even need to use different strategies to for different situations in the company. It is very important for the company to distinguish between intended strategy the desired strategic direction deliberately planned by managers and emergent strategy which may develop in a less deliberate way from the behaviors and activities inherent within an organization. Formal strategic planning has many advantages and disadvantages. However, there is evidence that shows that such formal planning is not sufficient explanation of strategy development that is practiced. The strategic management process guides in decision making and ha s 4 elements that help the organization to run its business and they are as follows setting the vision and mission, strategic position analysis, strategic choices and strategic actions (Piccolo, Colquitt, 2006). Introduction Leadership in an organization plays a very important role. Leadership is a skill of a person that he uses to motivate the others to get the things done or achieve a target. With a good leadership a company can succeed or fail in earning profit. Some believes leadership as characteristics such as demographics, skills and abilities, and personality traits, predict leadership effectiveness. Leadership is required in all the fields of the business and with efficient leadership skills a leader can turn a non-profiting company to a profiting one by motivating people to work with great enthusiasm to achieve the objectives of the company (Bass, Steidlmeier, 1999). Leadership skills differ from person to person and different leadership skills are required for different situations. Today we will discuss about Transformational leadership which redefines peoples missions and their visions; it even changes their commitment, and restructures their systems for goal accomplishment through a relation ship of mutual motivation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and leaders into moral agents. Transformational leadership inspires people with their vision and take them into confidence to believe in their vision and motivate them to achieve those mission for the achievement of the goal. Transformational leaders inspire their followers to perform better for the sake of the organization. Transformational leaders are people with vision and with a mission to motivate the followers to accept the new goals and new ways of doing things and achieving these goals (Steiner, 2010). The leadership style and theories changes with the change in the business environment. The transformational leader should have good communication skills, competence or knowledge, interpersonal skills, good judgment and confidence in order to motivate the followers for the growth of the business (Jarvis, 2011). Lets discuss the Transformational Leadership characteristics that impact organizational growth The ability to make difficult decisions The work of the transformational Leader even includes the ability of taking difficult decisions. It is a part of leadership skills and the transformational Leader should always be ready to take a difficult decision and face it. When the leader has a clear vision, values, goals, and objectives it becomes easier for the transformational Leader to act on difficult decisions (Welford, Gouldson, 1993). Internal motivation and self-management Transformational Leader needs to be highly motivated from within so that they can effectively manage the growth of the company by motivating the followers to achieve the goal and objectives of the company (Chesbrough, Appleyard, 2007). Willing to take the right risks Transformational Leader should be very calculative in taking any risk as it affects the performance of the company directly or indirectly. The leader should make sure that all the researches have been done and there is no risk involved in the action. They should even make sure that the risk does not harm the business growth (Teece, 2010). Check their ego The transformational Leaders should never let their egos come in between their work. It is important for the transformational Leader to keep their ego in checked. They should make sure that they do not misuse there power and think of achieving the companys goals and objectives. They should first think about the companys gain and not about their personal gains. It is believed that when an organization succeeds a transformational leader succeeds (Hall, Johnson, Wysocki, Kepner, 2008). Organizational consciousness Transformational leaders share a joint conscious with the organization. The growth of the company ensures their growth. As their values are aligned with the growth of the company they just dont view their position in the company but even thinks about the growth of the company and how their action will affect the companys growth. They know what action to take and what action to avoid that will benefit the company (Dvir, Shamir, 2003). Adaptability Transformational leaders should be more adaptable to the changing business environment. Transformational leaders need to be more open to the new ideas and innovative ideas of working that can benefit the company. The transformational leaders should never stand stillas the competitors may overtake them; hence they should always be ready to learn new things and adapt it quickly. Willing to listen and entertain new ideas The transformational leaders should have the skills of listening as listening encourages both way communication and it encourages the followers to share their ideas without any hesitation. Transformational leaders should understand that success of the organization is a team effort and the success of the company lies in the hands of the followers (Nielsen, Randall, Yarker, Brenner, 2008. Inspirational Transformational leaders should make sure that they understand their followers individually and just dont recognize the follower for the good job. By knowing the followers individually the transformational leader can understand the follower and can understand what motivates them or inspires them to work efficiently and effectively. Proactive Transformational leaders needs to take proactive decisions sometimes and cannot wait for other to take decision. They do lot of research on the new innovative ideas and make sure that the risk does not have any impact on the growth of the company. They are the leaders who are risk takers and try new ideas and innovative ideas for the growth of the company. Visionary Transformational leaders are visionary and have the ability to communicate their vision to their followers, and convince them to believe in their vision and work toward the vision by communicating the vision with passion and clarity and forcing the followers in the achievement of the companys goal (Zhu, Avolio, Walumbwa, 2009). Following the below mentioned steps a leader can encourage and motivate followers to achieve higher levels of performance Intellectual Stimulation The transformational leaders encourage the followers to be more creative and innovative. They support the followers and encourage them for their new and innovative ideas. They make sure that the followers explore new ways and techniques of working. They even give new opportunities to the followers to learn new things and techniques. Transformational leaders question assumptions and beliefs and encourage followers to be more innovative and creative towards resolving old problems in new ways that will benefit the company. Individualized Consideration The transformational leadership should make sure that they communicate with the followers so that that they share their ideas that will help the transformational leader to recognize the follower for its contribution and new ideas. It also involves supporting of the followers and motivating them. By recognizing the follower for his innovative idea the transformational leader can win the trust of the follower and motivate to work with more zeal (Acur, Bititci, 2003). Inspirational Motivation Transformational leaders have a very clear view of the future and they even offer followers the opportunity to see and understand the meaning of their work and set high standards. Transformational leaders have a very clear vision which motivates the followers to achieve the goals. They encourage followers to become part of the overall organizational culture and environment.This can be achieved by motivating speeches and conversations with the followers. Idealized Influence Transformational leader builds a confidence and trust and acts as a role model for the followers The trust acts as the foundation for accepting organizational change by winning the trust of the followers in their leaders.The follower who is sure of the virtues of their leader will be less resistance to any change in the organization. Hence with all the above mentioned skills the leaders can motivate the followers to achieve their goals and objectives of the organization which will ensure the growth of the organization (Acur, Bititci, 2003). Conclusion Transformational leaders have vision, develop a shared vision, and value the contributions and efforts of their co-workers in the organization. Through individual consideration, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation, transformational leaders have great potential to increase the efficiency and performance beyond expectations and bring a growth in the organization and even help the individual growth. It can be concluded that with the effective transformational leadership an organization can work more efficiently and effectively. Transformational leadership helps to understand the concept of effective leadership, especially the need of leadership in changing organizations and how it helps the growth of the organization. It can even be concluded that there are some risks associated with this form of leadership, particularly with respect to idealized influence. The organization can be described as a powerhouse of emotions and employees does not always behave rationally the y sometimes behave emotionally and takes decision for their interest. Emotion is a powerful tool that the Transformational leader can use in the critical situations (Avolio, 2007). The transformational leaders should make sure that they do not misuse their power and use all their power and authority in using the innovative ideas for benefitting the company. . It is necessary that transformational leaders make sure that there is a bond between the organization and followers as the growth of the company depends on this bonding (Hollander, 1995). References Campbell, A., Yeung, S. (1991). Creating a sense of mission. Long range planning, 24(4), 10-20. Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C., Meyer, A. D., Coleman, H. J. (1978). Organizational strategy, structure, and process. Academy of management review, 3(3), 546-562. Schilling, M. A., Hill, C. W. (1998). Managing the new product development process: Strategic imperatives. The Academy of Management Executive, 12(3), 67-81. Lumpkin, G. T., Dess, G. G. (1995). Simplicity as a strategy-making process: The effects of stage of organizational development and environment on performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1386-1407. Brezina, C. (2012). Sergey Brin, Larry Page, Eric Schmidt, and Google. The Rosen Publishing Group. Peng, M. W., Heath, P. S. (1996). The growth of the firm in planned economies in transition: Institutions, organizations, and strategic choice. Academy of management review, 21(2), 492-528. Foreman, K. (1998). Vision and mission. Strategic Management in Schools and Colleges, 18-31. Yukl, G. A. (2002). Leadership in organizations. Mintzberg, H., Waters, J. A. (1985). Of strategies, deliberate and emergent. Strategic management journal, 6(3), 257-272. Vera, D., Crossan, M. (2004). Strategic leadership and organizational learning. Academy of management review, 29(2), 222-240. Campbell, A. (1992). The power of missions: Aligning strategy and culture. Planning Review, 20(5), 10-63. Acur, N., Bititci, U. (2003). Managing strategy through business processes. Production Planning Control, 14(4), 309-326. Salem Khalifa, A. (2011). Three Fs for the mission statement: what's next? Journal of Strategy and Management, 4(1), 25-43. Mintzberg, H. (1987). The strategy concept 1: five p's for strategy. U. of California. Hollander, E. P. (1995). Ethical challenges in the leader-follower relationship. Business Ethics Quarterly, 55-65. Gardner, W. L. (1995). Leaders and followers. The leader's companion: Insights on leadership through the ages, 185-188. Avolio, B. J. (2007). Promoting more integrative strategies for leadership theory-building. American Psychologist, 62(1), 25. Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G., Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996). Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature. The Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), 385-425. Bass, B. M. (1991). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational dynamics, 18(3), 19-31. Yukl, G. (1999). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories. The leadership quarterly, 10(2), 285-305. Dvir, T., Shamir, B. (2003). Follower developmental characteristics as predicting transformational leadership: A longitudinal field study. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(3), 327-344. Hall, J., Johnson, S., Wysocki, A., Kepner, K. (2008). Transformational leadership: The transformation of managers and associates. Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., Riggio, R. E., Orr, S. S., Ciulla, J. B., Krishnan, V. R., ... Riggio, R. E. (2008). Transformational leadership. Asia-Pacific Business Review, 4(1). Bass, B. M., Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior. The leadership quarterly, 10(2), 181-217. Steiner, G. A. (2010). Strategic planning. Simon and Schuster. Jarvis, J. (2011). What would Google do? Reverse-engineering the fastest growing company in the history of the world. Harper Business. Welford, R., Gouldson, A. (1993). Environmental management business strategy. Pitman Publishing Limited. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long range planning, 43(2), 172-194. Chesbrough, H. W., Appleyard, M. M. (2007). Open innovation and strategy. Piccolo, R. F., Colquitt, J. A. (2006). Transformational leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of core job characteristics. Academy of Management journal, 49(2), 327-340. Nielsen, K., Randall, R., Yarker, J., Brenner, S. O. (2008). The effects of transformational leadership on followers perceived work characteristics and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study. Work Stress, 22(1), 16-32. Zhu, W., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O. (2009). Moderating role of follower characteristics with transformational leadership and follower work engagement. Group Organization Management.

Michelangelo free essay Example For Students

Michelangelo free essay Michelangelo was a man of many trades who, throughout his life, created, painted, and designed artistic masterpieces. He was a marvel of his time.. He was celebrated as the greatest artist ever because of his great work in the areas of sculpting, painting, drafter, architecture, and poetry. A genius with his ingenuity and thought process in the way he came up with the ideas that have now become modern masterpieces and wonders to us. Hard work and dedication to his true passion led to his success and fame in cities all around. He is a man who truly lived life to the fullest. He worked every day of his life and finally rested on his deathbed. Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475 (Summers 483). His full name is Michelangelo did Ladylove Bonaparte Simmons (Michelangelo). He was born in a small village of Cappers in Valerie (Ratio 4). His father was Leonardo did Burrito Simons (Michelangelo). His mothers name was Francesca did Imitation De Sera (Ratio 4). He had four other brothers (Michelangelo). Due to his mothers illness he was placed with a family of stone cutters. She died giving birth to the fifth child in 1481 (Ratio 4). It might have been his grammar school friend, Francesco, six years his Enron, who introduced Michelangelo to the painter Director Giordano (Michelangelo). His father agreed to apprentice him at age thirteen. There he was exposed to the technique of fresco. Before his apprenticeship had completed, he stopped painting and took on sculptures (Summers 483). At the recommendation of Giordano, he moved into the palace of a great paint named, Florentine ruler Lorenz the Magnificent De Medici was influenced by Napoleonic thought. This was a fertile time for Michelangelo. His time with the Medici family was 1489 to 1492 (Michelangelo). After the Medici family lost power he began to travel. During his younger years he began to study anatomy (Summers 483). He studied under sculptor Foretold did Giovanni. He obtained permission from the church to study cadavers. These combined influences led to his distinctive style: muscular precision and reality combined with an almost lyrical beauty (Michelangelo). His earliest surviving sculpture is a small unfinished relief of a battle, done when he was sixteen. It shows the obvious influence of ancient Roman marble sculpture belonging to Lorenz (Summers 483). He lived in Rome from 1496 to 1501. As a student in Rome he was called Universal Genius (Michelangelo). His drawing career lasted over seventy years, and he was able to change his style to fit the period of time (Michelangelo). Michelangelo was able to do as many as three projects at a time. He was a great sculpture early in life, and then he learned how to draw and paint. Like most artists of his time he painted religious scenes. He was a Catholic and most of his drawings and painting resemble his beliefs in his artwork (Michelangelo). His first marked success was a life size statue of the Roman wine god Bacchus held in Rome. At age twenty-three, he carved a version of the traditional Pieta (Michelangelo). From 1508 through 1512, Michelangelo time was occupied by The Sistine Chapel Ceiling. Michelangelo largest and most famous paint was that on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (Caste, peg. L). The Pope died in 1513, and then Michelangelo signed a However, Michelangelo attention was not on the tomb exclusively. After Leo Axs election Michelangelo was hired to refurbish the facade on the Appeal Chapel in Castle Sandstones, Rome. Between 1514 and 1521 he signed several contracts to sculpture and paint art. Another contract was signed with Julius to build a smaller Julian Monument, and it was drawn up in 1516. Many people think that Sultans Tomb was not Michelangelo best work, but this only the medias idea about his work. Michelangelo was also a great painter. He produced a few easel paintings. His ambition was truly seen in his paintings (Michelangelo). .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 , .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 .postImageUrl , .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 , .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720:hover , .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720:visited , .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720:active { border:0!important; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720:active , .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720 .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6f6a059707a4312c648d788c0166720:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Michelangelo Was One Of The Greatest Artists Of All Time He Excelled In Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, Poetry, And Engine EssayMichelangelo was painting pictures early in the 16th century. During that time he was making some cartoons, but very few were published. One of his cartoons, Battle of Cassini, was highly influential, but the cartoon somehow disappeared. The Sistine Ceiling is one of Michelangelo greatest paintings. It is probably his most well known piece of art. The Pope asked Michelangelo to redo the ceiling because the Pope thought that the gold background with blue stars were not powerful enough to be in the Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo had many drawings to pick from, but he decided to go with the twelve Apostles design. Some of Michelangelo late work was also really good, such as The Last Judgment. Gigolo Ad Fabian didnt like Michelangelo, so he tried to destroy his reputation by saying that Michelangelo painting was no good, but according to most, it was one of Michelangelo greatest paintings. He also painted the Last Judgment over the altar in the chapel. The Last Judgment took 6 years for him to finish, from 1535 and 1541 Michelangelo was also able to draw with the best of them. Most people use their drawing ability to get an education, but Michelangelo used drawing as a way to express his feelings. Many of Michelangelo drawings became collector items during the sasss; many people didnt accept the drawings. Michelangelo gave his drawings as gifts during special holidays. During the 20th century many people started to accept his drawings. Michelangelo was also an architect. One great piece he did was for the Medici Family. It was a miniature model or Leo Axs Chapel at Castle Sandstones, Rome. It looked like Julius tomb, but it didnt have that much sculpturing work. The miniature model for Leo Axs Chapel at Castle Sandstones, Rome took him a long time to complete, because there were so many details which need to be perfectly placed. Michelangelo was able to do so many things at once which influenced many people, and those people didnt realize how great Michelangelo art was until his death. Many people think Michelangelo was sent by God to paint, draw, and scul pture. Michelangelo became a very powerful person during his lifetime. He was great friends with most of the kings and queens in most of the countries (Michelangelo). Michelangelo didnt leave any teaching notes for any of his followers. Michelangelo is one of the most talented artists ever, and he was one of the creators of the Roman High Renaissance with Leonardo ad Vinci. Michelangelo drawings, paintings, sculpturing, and architecture work is still very popular in todays society. Michelangelo will still be the most influential artist leading into the 21st century. Michelangelo was also a magnificent architect. In 1560, he designed a dome to cover a massive opening, on the Sistine Chapel. They began to construct the dome that he had designed in 1560 (The Panorama, IPPP). The dome was completed, after his death on February 18, 1564 (Mac, Pl). Michelangelo greatest artists of all time.

History Coursework Essay Example

History Coursework Essay The years between 1914, when the front trench lines were established in the race for the sea and March 1918 when the Allied front lines were broken by the German Spring offensives are assumed to be a time of unchanging, attrition trench warfare. The view that many hold is of the powerlessness of the individual soldiers, living in filthy conditions, with the constant threat of being shot. These soldiers would occasionally charge into a firing range where they were cut down, row by row by enemy fire. These soldiers were put in their impossible position by a command group that consisted of men who were too obsessed with their horses and with the old style of war to change and too stop wasting human lives.If you look at the figures that we are given, at the cost of the battles, and the seemingly little gain in land, without looking at the details, it is possible to see how this view is formed. The battle of Neuve Chapelle (1915) cost the British army 13,000 men for only 8 kms gain, Loos where there were 115,000 casualties, both attacks started with seemingly major breakthroughs which came to a stop due to poor communications between the generals and the front line, resulting in the breaking up of units and the lack of support of reserves where they were needed and a small number of German machine guns which were able to keep the entire British army at bay (supposedly it was only 12 machine guns that stopped the British at Neuve Chappelle). At the Somme in just 5-months there were over 420,000 casualties for only 3 miles gain. As part of the Nivelle Offensive Canadian troops used new artillery tactics at the battle of Vimy Ridge to gain a much-needed victory but there were still horrific casualties at points in the line.Later in the year at ypres (known as wipers to the British who struggled with the pronunciation), good victorys, at Messines Ridge where high explosives had been dug under the enemy trenches was offset by the huge amounts of British troops who died i n the oozing mud of the battlefield had become a literal swamp. Here over 250,000 men died for 11km of land. Still later in the year came the tank victory at Cambrai, where the British tanks secured the largest change in the front line since 1914, which the Germans then won back and more. There was no difference between the battles the British fought and those fought by the French, in 1915 two separate assaults on Vimys Ridge and the battle of Champagne cost the French a total of 250,000 casualties. In 1916, the French suffered their version of the Somme, where in an elongated attack the area became the mass graveyard for over 700,000 French soldiers. The mutinies that stopped the French fighting for 6 weeks in 1917 were started by the 200,000 casualties suffered during the Nivelle Offensives.Huge Losses and little land gain or land quickly won back. This is the repeating message to be drawn from the battles almost the entire way through the war, bought around by the effective defen ce mounted by the Germans. The truth is that the fighting tactics used on the Western front were continually changing and evolving to meet the challenges put up by the enemy. New fighting tactics, new weapons and changes in the way the artillery and the infantry were used were the changes in the fighting methods used by the British army 1915-1918 while the horrific casualties for little ground pattern is an example of continuity.The British army at the start of the war was the most effective army in the world; it was made up of the best-armed and most experienced soldiers in the world. The problem was that the army was very small; the British expeditionary Force (BEF) that was sent to France in 1914 (164,000) was extremely small compared to the LOOK HERE! German soldiers on the Western Front and the LOOK HERE! French soldiers, this was because the British army was used to control its empire while Britains European partners armies were needed to engage the huge continental armys. Thi s influenced the fact that Britain was the only country in the war that did not have conscription at the start of the war.The BEF was lost in 1914-1915. During 1916 Lord Kitchener used an affective propaganda campaign to call up a volunteer force which took up the fighting in 1916, the battle of the Somme saw many of these men killed, but the army which emerged afterwards was experienced and knew how to fight this type of war. At the end of 1916 the government began conscription, these men made up the army until the end of the war. In 1918 the British army numbered almost 5,500,000. The force first sent to France, although well trained was not large enough to have an effect on the war, and the pre-Somme army lacked the experience needed but afterwards the British army came on a par with its French and German counterparts. Unfortunately natural causes at 3rd Pyres caused a failure, which hid this effectiveness.The pre-war British army had never had to deal with an enemy as strong as they were, or any trench warfare. As a result the British army believed that the artillery was useful to soften the enemy up thus they had very little artillery and what they did have was geared towards killing troops in the open battlefield rather than blowing out trench systems. The Germans had firstly a larger number of artillery pieces and they also had heavier, longer range and more explosive pieces that were better for trench fighting. The British were poorly supplied with shells. The companys producing them was restricted to those that had made them pre-war. This lasted till 1916 when the British economys emphasis was changed towards the war. Before this the shell scandal had got so bad that at the battle of Loos there was a total of 500,000 rounds to support the attack the change meant that at the Somme the 3rd army alone had 3 million rounds of ammunition.There were still problems with the artillery. At the Somme 1/3 of the shells fired didnt explode. The shells were also n ot destroying the barbed wire. The shells would fall, hit the ground below the barbed wire and detonate, sending the barbed wire into the air only to come down, still intact in a worse mess than before. This constant shelling also made no-mans land extremely cratered which itself became an obstacle especially when the shells ruptured the water table. The change that the British introduced, to cope with this problem in 1916, was to introduce fuse 106 which detonated on its first contact, the barbed wire, this meant that the wire was cut and the ground was easier to move over.As well as with artillery, the British army was extremely short on machine guns and on hand grenades. This was again because the British had never been involved in a trench style conflict and not know which weapons were useful for this kind of war. Here was another example of change, as the 1,330 pre-war machine guns rose to 24,506 by 1918. The same went with hand grenades. Before the war the British had no worki ng hand grenade and it wasnt until 1916 that this changed. These new changes over a short period, more, lighter machine guns, grenades, more artillery and more ammunition all happened at the end of 1915 and changed the way the British fought, they no longer had to throw men at strong points, they could now pin them down and bypass them.The obvious evolutionary process during the war was infantry and artillery tactics. The British army started using a short barrage, partly because of the shortage of shells. After the barrage the infantry would go over the top, in waves and attack the German defences. The German Defences would consist of the front trench and 1or 2-reserve trenches. The front trench would have soldiers standing shoulder-to-shoulder, so even the short artillery barrages had good effect. In the right circumstances the British would break through the front line. Battles such as this were Neuve Chapelle and at Aubers Ridge. Aubers Ridge was a particular success and it was believed it was because of the prolonged bombardment used there. The British saw this as the key to success and they changed their attacks to have longer bombardments.The reason the British victories at Aubers Ridge and Neuve Chapelle werent exploited was because of the breakdown of communications. Once the order to attack had been given there was no way of calling back the troops, the battlefields were too large for voice control as in the past and wireless messaging was 20 years away. The British commanders implemented a change to stop this; they ordered attacks to be in lines, trotting, almost shoulder-to-shoulder, with the equipment the troops needed to carry on the attack carried with them, this seemed like the solution.These new tactics, increased preliminary bombardments followed by 3-5 lines of soldiers were used for the first time at the battle of the Somme. The preliminary bombardment was intended to destroy German resistance before the lines swept into the trenches and ki lled the remaining Germans before pushing on, remaining in lines, staying organised while being able to push forward. Unfortunately this didnt work, 1 in 3 shells didnt explode and those that did had little effect on the Germans because of changes they had implemented (see below) and because of the affect explained above the wire was not cut and the men trotting forward were mowed down by the enemy machine guns and artillery, the attack was a disaster. Another factor in the defeat was that the Germans had changed their tactics, in direct response to the British heavy bombardment and linear tactics they had changed to a defence in depth strategy which was a trench system which was maybe 4 or 5 trenches deep, with strong positions, usually pill boxs and a front line of machine guns while the troops were not packed into the line any more. As a result it took longer for the British to breakthrough the defence and they got stuck in km of trenches and because the Germans were no longer pa cked shoulder-to-shoulder the artillery had very little effect. The British had to change their tactics again.The changes to the tactics were summarised in a new training manual, SS143, released in early 1917. The new tactic was that every aspect of the army did a specific job that then all came together. The first change was the way the artillery worked. The heavy barrage, which had so little effect was switched with the creeping barrage, this would not to kill the enemy, but pin them down while the infantry attacked. It was a wall of shells, dropped 100-200 metres ahead of British infantry. As the infantry pushed forwards the artillery wall would move forward with it, meaning the troops would be safe from counter attacks and that machine gun posts could be pinned down while the troops flanked them.The new artillery tactics were backed by changes in infantry tactics. The old linear attacks were abandoned and troops were put in small attack groups, these attack groups consisted of s everal riflemen, a grenadier and a Lewis gun team (these were light, manageable machine guns). These assault teams were to act independently. They were ideal for taking enemy strong points as the grenadier and the Lewis gun team were ideal for pinning down machine gun positions while the riflemen flanked the enemy positions. These tactics gave a greater importance to individual initiative and cunning and should have reduced casualties.At around the same time artillery tactics improved. Changes had improved the accuracy of the guns. Each gun had been removed from the battlefield and were tested for distance. Scientists were introduced to the front, and temperatures, heat of the shell and the wind were all taken into account when the shell was fired. This increased the accuracy of the British artillery. New developments also made counter-battery fire easier. The British used spot-sighting and sound ranging these used 3 spotters at known distances from each other to pinpoint where they saw the flash or heard the bang of enemy guns, the distance was then measured by trigonometry, This meant that the British artillery could effectively silence the enemy artillery. The 3rd change to the artillery was now firing. This involved British planes flying over the enemy, using a system based on the clock they could accurately pinpoint to their artillery where enemy artillery pieces were, this was the most effective change.These changes to the British attack in 1917 were answered by a change in defensive tactics by the Germans. The defence in depth worked, but by stopping the British the Germans absorbed too many casualties. Unlike Britain and France the German pot of possible soldiers had run out. The emphasis on their defence had to be on slowing down the British while taking the smallest amount of casualtys. The defence adopted was the elastic defence. This had a layout of 4 or 5 long trenches, on the back slope of a hill, so it was very difficult for the British artiller y to pinpoint German positions. The forward zone was not intended to take much fighting, in fact it would be deserted, the only positions would be machine guns placed to cover as much ground as possible. The soldiers here would not fight to the death; they would aim to hold the British for as long as possible.The next zone the British would come into would be the main fighting zone, here would be German units designed for defensive fighting, they would be in strong positions that were designed to withstand attacks for as long as possible, the next zone would be where the German storm troopers were. These were the elite German units. Once the British had breached the main battle zone, these storm troopers would spring, like elastic back into the zone, and push the British back. This defence worked, but the changes the British made with methods like now firing (see above) and the tactics used by the infantry made even this kind of defence hard to work. The Germans were pushed back. Fo r example, it became very hard for the storm troopers to counter-attack, when the creeping barrage was left, covering the main fighting zone, giving the British the time they needed to consolidate their positions, meaning the Germans were attacking the British against their own defensive positions.In early 1918 the British again had to change the way they were fighting the war. By now the Americans had declared war on Germany and fresh American troops were coming to the continent. The Germans saw that if they didnt change, and go on the attack they would be overwhelmed by the numbers the Americans could field. The Spring Offensives were launched. The Germans attacked the line, all the way along the line. They were able to swing 1 million troops fresh from their victory on the Eastern Front in. This sudden attack meant that the British had to change from attacking, which they had been doing most of the war to defending which they were inexperienced at.In fact when the attack came, wi thin 10 days the front had been pushed back 40 miles, this was the biggest movement of the war so far. The British werent given time for their defensive tactics to evolve. They were at the stage where they changed, or lost the war. There wasnt time to dig elastic defences, so instead the order was given for every man to fight to the death. Eventually the German attack ran out of steam. Reserves were sent to where the British line was strongest rather than weakest, and the growing amount of American troops meant that the Germans were attacking against an enemy that outnumbered them.For the last few months of the war the British again changed their tactics and went on the attack. The 100 day victories were the biggest success in British history. The Germans were pushed back into Belgium. The British used all the tactics they had slowly learned during the past 3 years to fight a war using all arms of the military to win decisive victories.The tank is a good example of the problems face d by new weapons used in the first word war. By 1918 the tank was formidable, they could crush enemy trenches, turn barbed wire into Brilo pads, and strike fear into the heart of enemy ranks. They were introduced at the Somme in 1916 and between then and the battle of Cambrai tanks seemed to have limited effects on battles. Much like the fighting methods the British used, the mechanics and the tactics used with tanks needed an evolutionary learning curve with crews who were learning how to use the machines effectively. The first tanks used were slow and were not bulletproof; they were used in too small numbers and with little support. As a result they had little effect in their battles. The first change was the introduction of the Mark II; these tanks were still used poorly in unfavourable conditions, especially in the swamp of 3rd Ypres where they sunk.However where the land was downhill and flat they could be used effectively such as at St. Julian away from Ypres where they headed a successful attack on a line of pillboxes. Despite their poor start the people in charge of the British army kept their confidence in their abilitys and the next change occurred; the Mark IV was introduced, this was more bullet-proof, and by now the tactics had been changed to suit the tanks. They were used in large numbers on un-cratered land that was sloping towards the German trenches at the battle of Cambrai. The tanks quickly broke through the German lines and pushed out into open space Unfortunately the tanks could not carry enough fuel to go for more than 8 hours so these tanks could only go so far before they had to stop. The infantry reserves did not follow the tanks so they were left stranded deep in enemy territory. The Germans quickly won the land back. This was a good demonstration of how tanks had their strong points and could be very effective if used correctly, but they also had their weaknesses that could be exploited.From this, the evidence leads me to believe th at there was considerable change in the Fighting methods used by the British army on the Western front; there was also considerable continuity, especially in the end results of the battles. Both sides managed to change their industrial capabilities towards being a war of total war. Unfortunately the changes made by one side were quickly countered by a change made by the other side, this is what lead to the continuation (which was the continuity) of the war and it wasnt until their was no way for the Germans to change to counter the British and French tactics that the war was won.

Free Essays on All Sorts Of Men

â€Å"All Sorts of Men† Lucy Hutchinson’s poem entitled â€Å"All Sorts of Men† is an instructive poem written by a respectable, well-educated woman in the middle of the seventeenth century. The persona that authors this piece is quite similar to the poet herself and may express the same views as she. These views are explicative of the lifestyles present in contemporary society and how they should be modeled. The persona is commendatory of the lifestyle she is promoting in this work. She is also condescending about that which she does not condone yet, her language remains eloquent and not insulting as she expresses her views on the matter. This virtuous characteristic of restraint lends itself to the poet’s presumed personal position as an educated woman who is respectful of her situation in society and the proper way to express her views. The way the poet conveys herself to her audience is also indicative as to the make up of the latter. The persona is a woman and it can be determined by the way she presents herself to her audience as well as the topic of her contention that she is speaking to men from her own social class. She is addressing all men who have the opportunity to be in the situations that she presents during the course of her instruction. The men in her audience are wealthy and have a desire for money, power, and happiness. The author also concludes that many of these men are pursuing the ends in the most unfortunate manner. She has occasion to speak to these men because of this matter. The poet feels it is necessary because they are living their lives improperly and are not maximizing their enjoyment of life. The poet’s central purpose in writing ’All Sorts of Men† is to enlighten men with how they may have all the wealth, power, and happiness they desire in life. She intends to correct the behavior the persona finds too prevalent in the contemporary society by replacing it with a more app... Free Essays on All Sorts Of Men Free Essays on All Sorts Of Men â€Å"All Sorts of Men† Lucy Hutchinson’s poem entitled â€Å"All Sorts of Men† is an instructive poem written by a respectable, well-educated woman in the middle of the seventeenth century. The persona that authors this piece is quite similar to the poet herself and may express the same views as she. These views are explicative of the lifestyles present in contemporary society and how they should be modeled. The persona is commendatory of the lifestyle she is promoting in this work. She is also condescending about that which she does not condone yet, her language remains eloquent and not insulting as she expresses her views on the matter. This virtuous characteristic of restraint lends itself to the poet’s presumed personal position as an educated woman who is respectful of her situation in society and the proper way to express her views. The way the poet conveys herself to her audience is also indicative as to the make up of the latter. The persona is a woman and it can be determined by the way she presents herself to her audience as well as the topic of her contention that she is speaking to men from her own social class. She is addressing all men who have the opportunity to be in the situations that she presents during the course of her instruction. The men in her audience are wealthy and have a desire for money, power, and happiness. The author also concludes that many of these men are pursuing the ends in the most unfortunate manner. She has occasion to speak to these men because of this matter. The poet feels it is necessary because they are living their lives improperly and are not maximizing their enjoyment of life. The poet’s central purpose in writing ’All Sorts of Men† is to enlighten men with how they may have all the wealth, power, and happiness they desire in life. She intends to correct the behavior the persona finds too prevalent in the contemporary society by replacing it with a more app...

From Seeds to Civilizations Bruce D Smith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

From Seeds to Civilizations Bruce D Smith - Essay Example These factors influence the cultural macroevolution. Here the changes are determined by the environmental factors and not by the social economic and political ones. The important influence of these macro evolutionary factors has been brought to the limelight by Jared Diamond. These factors played a very pivotal role at the dawn of history especially when writing was first invented. For example the Inuit could not invent farming but people in the Middle East could do so because they were surrounded by wild animals/plants which could be domesticated. Cultural microevolution on the other hand generated a need for liquid fuels for industrialized nations. But it was the macro evolutionary factors which shaped the World War II, where Germany and Japan had to use all their efforts to obtain and defend their petroleum supplies since their own territories lacked them. Early historians did not give much importance to the evolutionary view of history. But seventeenth century onwards scholars like Voltaire, Comte and others visualized history as an evolutionary process that was moving towards a goal. Karl Marx was one of the pioneers of the first great theories of historical evolution. Marx tried to find an evolutionary pattern of history based on scientific analysis. Apart from historians even... We are all products of our social and biological backgrounds. It is due to this very reason that the human nature of citizens living for long under democracies is different than those under dictatorships. Evolutionary theory has converted biology into a logical discipline. Evolutionary theory, primarily its cultural aspects can do the same to social sciences. Although some aspects of such a theory can be overshadowed by the story of sociopolitical evolution from hunting and gathering through the establishment of states that can be put together today. Evolutionary theory thus can be formed without making assumptions about genetics. The change in human natures is essentially because of cultural and not biological evolution. Plant domestication i.e. agriculture has played a very pivotal role in human history. It first began in the Fertile Crescent which is now a part of Israel and Lebanon. Population pressure, declining game supplies and increased plant gathering are some of the reasons given for the origins of agriculture .It is believed that the key reason for the spread of farming was due to the episodic periods of scarcity- a discrepancy of the general population pressure speculation. This could explain the rapid spread of agriculture from the Fertile Crescent The second hypothesis is that agriculture developed due to the rapid end of the ice age. The agricultural revolution was accompanied by rising birth rates. This eventually led to the demand of more food and thus led to the pressure of technological change to make more intensive agriculture possible. Due to this intensification and division of labor human society underwent changes through villages, clans to ultimately modern nation states. Differences in the productivity of the physical